Study Results

Bias Analysis

Criteria for identifying biases in the measurement record:

1. Median Z-score that is > +3.00 (bias high) or Z-score < -3.00 (bias low).
2. Two consecutive median Z-scores > +2.00 (bias high) or < -2.00 (bias low).
3. Ten consecutive median Z-scores > 0.0 (bias high) or < 0.0 (bias low).